A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus.

A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus.

Mrs. Pallavi Nemgonda Patil* 1, Dr. Santosh K.Sing2, Dr. Kiran A.Wadkar3

 

1, 2.Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajastan India.

  1. Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.

 

ABSTRACT-

Cissus woodroii grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune, Kolhapur, Pasarni ghat area Satara), Andhra India. It belongs to genus Cissus, family vitaceae. Cissus woodroii also serves as a good source of Maximum per cent yield (13.49%), total phenolic content (24.14 mg TAE/g dry weight), and total flavonoid content (18.45 mg QE/g dry weight) were recorded in the methanolic leaf extract.  Proximate analysis of fruits showed a calorific value of 168.86 kcal/100 g dry weight (DW). These fruits were found to be rich in macro- (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and micro- (iron, manganese, zinc, and copper) mineral elements and vitamins (carotenoids and ascorbic acid)( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.2022). Such plants are termed as “underutilized” as scientific evidence regarding their potential is lacking. Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus due to its shrub-like habit ( Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al 2020).cissus woodroii is also used for various treatments like Antioxidant activity,  nutritional value of underutilized wild C. woodrowii fruits. This article throws light on various recent knowledge of scientific research in various aspects of this genus cissus (Gabriel Fernandes et al.,2012) and cissus woodroii and remarkable pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and antitumour.

 

  Keywords: Antioxidant, nutraceuticals, flavonide, Cissus woodroii, Phytochemical and pharmacological study, Cissus,Vitaceae.

 

  1. INTRODUCTION (Shankara Rao K et al.,2019), ( SingN.P et al 2000)

The plant designed as medicinal is implied that it is useful as a drug or therapeutic agent or an active ingredient of a medicinal preparation.

Various medicinal plants have been applied for years in daily life to treat disease all over the world (Nair et al.2004).The low or no harmful effect of medicine derived from natural sources has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries (Lawal D et al.2013). According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, herbal plants are widely used to treat and manage dangerous ailments (by approximately 80% of the world’s population) (WHO 2019).Medicinal plants are important for pharmacological research and drug development because plant constituents are not only used directly as therapeutic agents, but also as starting materials for the synthesis of drugs or as models for pharmacologically active compounds. Herbal-derived remedies need a powerful and deep assessment of their pharmacological qualities and safety issues due to the large and growing use of natural-derived substances all over the world, which cannot rely only on the traditional knowledge. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. On the other hand, there are several plants which possess various phytochemicals that can be beneficial to humans but are not explored yet. (Murthy HN et al.2020).

Vitaceae (the grape family) consist of 16 genera and ca. 950 species (Jun Wen et al 2018)and represented by the woody climbers with leaf opposed tendrils, some of them are shrubs and succulents too. Genus Cissus belongs to the family Vitaceae consists of about 350 species, among these a number of species used globally in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.( M. Manokariet al 2019) (Tasadduq R et al.2017; Dhanasekaran S et al.2020).

The present plant Cissus woodroii grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune,Kolhapur), on Buleshwar hill, near Yawat, Pune, Peddamandyam mandal, Chittoor district, in Andhra Pradesh. Andhra. It belongs to genus Cissus, Vitaceae family. It has erect shrubs with stems terete or obscurely angled, leaves large and more or less orbicular.The leaf-size is used to key out them (Lamina 20-30 × 20-25 cm and petioles 15-25 cm; these measurement may be of basal leaves while our herbarium specimens have distal leaves which are usually smaller characterize C. woodrowii.

It is shrub and wild variety. According to information collected in local area of Kolhapur it was observed that, it’s flowering season start’s in month of September and bears fruits from month of October and losses leaves from November to December. The baby leaves comes in month of May to June. It’s roots are used traditionally as a antitumor in animal treatment in Maharashtra. In Andhra Pradesh the paste of the stem is applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains.

To date, hundreds of plant species of Cissus have been explored for their phenolic

compounds and antioxidant activities, since it is associated with cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc.( Coulibaly AY et al.2014; Liguori I et al.2018).

Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau is commonly known as ‘Woodrow’s grape tree’. (Shankara Rao K et al.2019). Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus due to its shrub-like habit, while the remaining taxa of the Vitaceae are woody lianas.( Cooke T.1902)

Bioprospecting of Cissus woodrowii for its phytochemicals and bioactivities is unnoticed.

 

Sr.No. Tribe Genus Species
1 Ampelopsideae Ampelopsis Michx.

Nekemias Raf.

Clematicissus Planch.

Rhoicissus Planch.

18

9

6

14

2 Cisseae Cissus L. 300
3 Cayratieae Cayratia Juss.

Causonis Raf.

Acareosperma Gagnep.

“Afrocayratia”

Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston

Pseudocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D. Chen

Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch.

25

30

1

7

200

5

100

4 Parthenocisseae Parthenocissus Planch.

Yua C.L.Li

14

2

5 Viteae Vitis L.

Ampelocissus Planch.

(including Nothocissus and Pterisanthes)

75

115

 

Table 1 Phylogenetic Tribal Classification of Vitaceae with Tribes and genera. (Jun Wen et al 2018)

 

1.        Cissus acreensis 1.         Cissus fuliginea 1.         Cissus pileatus
2.         Cissus acris 2.         Cissus furcifera 2.         Cissus pingtungensis
3.         Cissus acuminata 3.         Cissus fusifolia 3.         Cissus pinnatifolia
4.         Cissus adamii 4.         Cissus gambianus 4.         Cissus planchoniana
5.         Cissus adeyana 5.         Cissus gardneri 5.         Cissus planchonii
6.         Endeavour River-vine – Cissus adnata 6.         Cissus geniculata 6.         Cissus platanifolia
7.         Venezuela treebine – Cissus alata 7.         Cissus glandulosa 7.         Cissus pobeguini
8.         Cissus albida 8.         Cissus glaucophylla 8.         Cissus poilanei
9.         Cissus albiporcata 9.         Cissus glaucotricha 9.         Cissus politus
10.     Cissus amapaensis 10.     Cissus glossopetala 10.     Cissus polyantha
11.     Cissus ambongensis 11.     Cissus glyptocarpa 11.     Cissus polydactyla
12.     Cissus amoena 12.     Cissus gongylodes 12.     Cissus populnea
13.     Cissus anemonifolia 13.     Cissus gossweileri 13.     Cissus producta
14.     Cissus angustata 14.     Cissus gossypiifolia 14.     Cissus prunifera
15.     Cissus anisophylla 15.     Cissus goudotii 15.     Cissus pseudofuliginea
16.     Cissus annamicus 16.     Cissus grandifolia 16.     Cissus pseudoguerkeana
17.     Cissus antandroy 17.     Cissus granulosa 17.     Cissus pseudopolyantha
18.     Kangaroo vine – Cissus antarctica 18.     Cissus grisea 18.     Cissus pseudoverticillata
19.     Cissus anulata 19.     Cissus guerkeana 19.     Cissus psoralifolia
20.     Cissus apendiculata 20.     Cissus haematantha 20.     Cissus pteroclada
21.     Cissus aphylla 21.     Cissus hamaderohensis 21.     Cissus pubinervis
22.     Cissus aphyllantha 22.     Cissus hastata 22.     Cissus pulcherrima
23.     Cissus apoensis 23.     Cissus heteroma 23.     Cissus pynaertii
24.     Cissus araguainensis 24.     Cissus heterophylla 24.     Veldt grape – Cissus quadrangularis
25.     Cissus aralioides 25.     Cissus heterotoma 25.     Cissus quadricornuta
26.     Cissus arguta 26.     Cissus hexangularis 26.     Cissus quarrei
27.     Cissus aristata 27.     Cissus heyneana 27.     Cissus quinquangularis
28.     Cissus aristolochiifolia 28.     Cissus hookeri 28.     Cissus reniformis
29.     Cissus aristolochioides 29.     Cissus humbertianus 29.     Cissus repanda
30.     Cissus arnottiana 30.     Cissus humbertii 30.     Cissus – Cissus repens
31.     Cissus assamica 31.     Five-leaved Grape – Cissus hypoglauca 31.     Cissus reticulata
32.     Cissus astrotrichus 32.     Cissus incisa 32.     Cissus retivenia
33.     Cissus atacorensis 33.     Cissus integrifolia 33.     Cissus rhamnoidea
34.     Cissus aubertiana 34.     Intermediate treebine – Cissus intermedia 34.     Cissus rheifolia
35.     Cissus auricomus 35.     Cissus inundata 35.     Cissus rhodotricha
36.     Cissus austroyunnanensis 36.     Cissus javalensis 36.     Cissus robinsonii
37.     Cissus bachmaensis 37.     Cissus javana 37.     Cissus rondoensis
38.     Cissus bahiensis 38.     Cissus kawensis 38.     Cissus rostrata
39.     Cissus barbeyana 39.     Cissus kerrii 39.     Venezuelan treebine – Cissus rotundifolia
40.     Cissus barteri 40.     Cissus koordersii 40.     Cissus rubiginosa
41.     Cissus bathyrhakodes 41.     Cissus kouandeensis 41.     Cissus rubricaulis
42.     Cissus bauerlenii 42.     Cissus kouilouensis 42.     Cissus rubropilosa
43.     Cissus bequaertii 43.     Cissus lamprophylla 43.     Cissus rufescens
44.     Cissus bicolor 44.     Cissus laneus 44.     Cissus ruginosicarpa
45.     Cissus biformifolia 45.     Cissus lanyuensis 45.     Cissus ruspolii
46.     Cissus blanchetiana 46.     Cissus latifolia 46.     Cissus sagittifer
47.     Cissus blumeana 47.     Cissus lebrunii 47.     Cissus saponaria
48.     Cissus boivinii 48.     Cissus leemansii 48.     Cissus schmitzii
49.     Cissus boliviana 49.     Cissus lemuricus 49.     Cissus schumanniana
50.     Cissus bosseri 50.     Cissus lenticellata 50.     Cissus sciaphila
51.     Cissus bracteosa 51.     Cissus leonardii 51.     Cissus senegalensis
52.     Cissus brevipes 52.     Cissus leucophlea 52.     Cissus serroniana
53.     Cissus cactiformis 53.     Cissus lineata 53.     Cissus serrulatifolia
54.     Cissus cacuminis 54.     Cissus lonchiphylla 54.     Cissus setulosa
55.     Cissus caesia 55.     Cissus longicymosa 55.     Cissus siamica
56.     Cissus calcicola 56.     Cissus louisii 56.     Cissus silvestris
57.     Cissus camiriensis 57.     Cissus luzoniensis 57.     Cissus simsiana
58.     Cissus campestris 58.     Cissus macrobotrys 58.     Cissus smithiana
59.     Cissus cardiophylla 59.     Cissus macrophylla 59.     Cissus spectabilis
60.     Cissus carrissoi 60.     Cissus madecassa 60.     Cissus spinosa
61.     Cissus cerasiformis 61.     Cissus marcanii 61.     Long-leaved Grape – Cissus sterculiifolia
62.     Cissus clematidea 62.     Cissus mauritiana 62.     Cissus stipulata
63.     Cissus coccinea 63.     Cissus megacarpa 63.     Minature grape ivy – Cissus striata
64.     Cissus cochinchinensis 64.     Cissus mexicana 64.     Cissus subaphylla
65.     Cissus colombiensis 65.     Cissus microcarpa 65.     Cissus suberecta
66.     Cissus comosus 66.     Cissus microdonta 66.     Cissus subhastata
67.     Cissus compressiflora 67.     Cissus miegei 67.     Cissus subramanyamii
68.     Cissus conchigera 68.     Cissus migeodii 68.     Cissus subrhomboidea
69.     Cissus convolvulacea 69.     Cissus milnei 69.     Cissus subtetragona
70.     Cissus cornifolia 70.     Cissus mirabilis 70.     Cissus sue
71.     Cissus corylifolia 71.     Cissus modeccoides 71.     Cissus sulcicaulis
72.     Cissus coursii 72.     Cissus morifolia 72.     Cissus sulfurosus
73.     Cissus craibii 73.     Cissus narinensis 73.     Cissus sumatrana
74.     Cissus crusei 74.     Cissus neei 74.     Cissus surinamensis
75.     Cissus cucumerifolia 75.     Cissus nervosa 75.     Cissus sylvicola
76.     Cissus cucurbitina 76.     Cissus nicaraguensis 76.     Cissus teysmannii
77.     Cissus cuspidata 77.     Cissus nigropilosa 77.     Cissus thalictrifolia
78.     Cissus cussonioides 78.     Cissus nobilis 78.     Cissus tiliacea
79.     Cissus darik 79.     Javanese treebine – Cissus nodosa 79.     Cissus tiliiformis
80.     Cissus dasyantha 80.     Cissus novemfolia 80.     Cissus timoriensis
81.     Cissus dealbata 81.     Cissus nymphaeifolia 81.     Cissus tinctoria
82.     Cissus debilis 82.     Cissus obliqua 82.     Cissus touraensis
83.     Cissus decaryi 83.     Cissus oblonga 83.     Cissus trianae
84.     Cissus decidua 84.     Cissus oblongifolia 84.     Sorrelvine – Cissus trifoliata
85.     Cissus descoingsii 85.     Spoonleaf treebine – Cissus obovata 85.     Cissus trigona
86.     Cissus dewevrei 86.     Cissus oliveri 86.     Cissus triloba
87.     Cissus dichotoma 87.     Cissus oreophila 87.     Cissus triternata
88.     Cissus diffusiflora 88.     Cissus osaensis 88.    Cissus trothae
89.     Cissus dinklagei 89.     Cissus oxyodonta 89.     Cissus tweedieana
90.     Cissus diversilobata 90.     Cissus palmata 90.     Cissus ulmifolia
91.     Cissus doeringii 91.     Cissus palmatifida 91.     Cissus umbellata
92.     Cissus duarteana 92.     Cissus paniculata 92.     Cissus ursina
93.     Cissus duboisii 93.     Cissus paraensis 93.     Cissus uvifer
94.     Cissus egestosa 94.    Cissus parviflora 94.     Cissus venezuelensis
95.     Cissus ellenbeckii 95.     Cissus patellicalyx 95.     Princessvine – Cissus verticillata
96.     Cissus elongata 96.     Cissus paucinervia 96.     Cissus vinosa
97.     Caro de tres hojas – Cissus erosa 97.     Cissus paullinifolia 97.     Cissus viridescens
98.     Cissus evrardii 98.     Cissus peltata 98.     Cissus vitiginea
99.     Cissus fanshawei 99.     Cissus penninervis 99.     Cissus voanonala
100.             Cissus farinosa 100.             Cissus pentaclada 100.          Cissus wallacei
101.            Cissus faucicola 101.             Cissus pentagona 101.          Cissus wellmanii
102.             Cissus flavens 102.             Cissus perrieri 102.          Cissus welwitschii
103.             Cissus flaviflora 103.             Cissus peruviana 103.          Cissus wenshanensis
104.             Cissus flavifolia 104.             Cissus petiolata 104.          Cissus woodrowii
105.             Cissus floribunda 105.             Cissus phymatocarpa 105.          Cissus wrightiana
106.             Cissus forsteniana 106.             Cissus picardae 106.          Cissus xerophila
107.             Cissus fragilis 107.            Cissus parviflora 107.          Cissus youngii
Total=107+107+108=322species 108.         Cissus zombitsy

 

Table 2 Cissus genus Classification of Vitaceae family.

( https://observation.org/taxa/10104/?genus=Cissus)

 

 

Synonym

Cissus woodroii, Vitis woodroii (Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue

Common names

Woodrow’s grape tree, Girnool

Taxonomy of Cissus woodroii L. (flora of Bombay Presedency) (India Biodiversity portal)

Kindom-Plantae

Phylum-Tracheophyta

Class : Magnoiliopsida

Order : Vitales

Family : Vitaceae

Genus : Cissus

Species : woodroii

 

  1. BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF CISSUS WOODROII-(Cooke. T 1902,Tetali, et al. 2000) (Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020),( Sharma BDet al 1984,1988)

It is an erect shrub 5 -6 ft. high ;trunk 3—4 in. thick at the base ; bark rough, grey ; lower branches2—3 ft. long, annual , ecirrhose , slightly tomentose at t he apex.  Leaves up to 9 in. long and broad, pale green, cordate-ovate or cordate -rotund( with a broad sinus), usually shortly (rarely obscurely) 3 —lobed, acute or acuminate,re pand-cre nat e (t he cre nature s re curve d) ,at first sparingly tomentose , at length glabrate ,rather firm, palmi—nerved ; petiole s nearlye quallingt he blade,more or less tomentose when young ; stipules triangular-ovate , reddish,caducous. Flow e rs tetrame rous,in compoundumbe ls ; peduncle s 1 in. or afterwards 2 in. long ; primary rays usually 4 about —5 in. long at time of flowering, afterwards up t o 1 ; in.“long ;pedice ls at time of flow e ring 71ih . , afterwards in. long, thick, straight. Calyx sauce r-shaped : limb membranous, truncate or very obscurely lobed. Petal s 4 calyptrately deciduous, hooded and thickened at t he apex. Disk 4-lobed. Style the root contains starch-granule s in abnudance , of variable form,also raphides.

Which are pointed at one end and 2—3-furcate at the other Large shrubs or small trees, 1.5-3.0m high, bark rough, grey.Leaves, large, 8-20 cm as long as broad, ovate, sometimes obscurely3-lobed, apex acute, acuminate, base cordate, margins crenate-repand. Flowers green, apex tinged red, 0.3 –0.5 cm across, in compound umbels; calyx saucer shaped; petals deciduous. Berries 0.7 –1.0 cm across, subglobose, reddish when ripe.

Fig. 1. Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) (Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue plant growing under natural conditions.

Fig. 2. Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) (Stapf ex Cook)-1,Habit, 2.Flower, 3.Fruit, 4.&.5Inflorescence,6.Leaf-Dorsal view.

 

  1. STUDY OF SOME SPECIES FROM GENUS CISSUS-

(Bhanumathi Natarajan et al.,2000),( Chidambara Murthy KN et al,.2003), ( Rein Hui,2007), ,( AA Ahmadu et al 2010), (Anna Trias-Blasi  et al.,2010),(Gabriel Fernandes et al., 2012),(Kashikar ND et al,. 2012),(Atiku, I et al 2013),( Sani, Y.M.1 etal.,2014),( Jacek Drobnik et al., 2015), ( Ganapathymuru Ganalagu Lakshmanan et al., 2016,( Hari Sasidharan et al., 2016),( Ganalagu Lakshmanan  et al.,2016),( Poornima R  et al., 2016),( Sujata Tetali et al., 2016), ( Alina K Sebastian et al 2017),( Harisha C. R  et al.,2017),( Md. Nazim Uddin Chy  et al., 2017), ( Selvi P et al 2017),( Sudha Parimala  et al., 2017), ( Chukwuebuka  et al., 2018), (Marielba de los et al., 2019), ( M. Manokari et al 2019) ,( Mosaib MG  et al., 2020),( Ozimede et al 2020) ( Jayanthi Chenniappan et al,. 2020),( María del Rayo Camacho-Corona et al., 2020),( Arti Singh et al,.2021), (LailyRahamawatiet al.,2021),( India Biodiversity portal),( Rajesh kumar S et al., 2021).

 

 

Sr.no Name of species Location Common name Chemical constituent Pharmacological activity Part used Habitat
1. Cissus adnata Bhatiary, Chittagong-Bangladesh Bhatia lot,down –rang in Assamees ,pani-lara in Nepali alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, proteins, amino acid, glycosides, and terpenoids antibacterial, pesticidal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents leaves Climber
2. Cissus aralioides Cameroon ,Obio/Akpor Local

Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

kindamina alkaloid, saponin,

tannin, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, cardiac glycoside, proteins and reducing sugar

anti-microbial and toxicological agent

against microorganisms of the gastrointestinal and

urogenital ,tracts, arthritis, edema, treatment for fever and malaria

Leaf, roots climber
3. Cissus araneosa India : Evergreen forests of western Ghats, up to 1500 m. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. Hindi: Kamraj; Mar.: Bendri, Bendervel, Ghorvel; Tarn.: Kattuthiratcha Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

Slender, far climbing shrub
4. Cissus amplexicaulis Thailand Slender climber
5. Cissus aristata hilly

regions of Mangad, Thrissur Kerala, India

alkaloids, tannins

(condensed), flavanoids, phytosterols, triterpenoid, lactones, volatile

oil and saponin.

antibacterial activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae and

Staphylococcus aureus.

dried root and stem Scandent shrub
6. Cissus arnottiana Periyar Palkalai Nagar,

Salem ,Tamil Nadu, India

“Nanaminukki” in Tamil and “Nelagummadi” in Telugu (Eugenol, Phenol, 4-(ethoxymethyl)-2-

methoxy, 3, 5-Cyclohexadiene-1, 2-dione, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl), Diisooctyl phthalate)

antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,

antiarthritic, antiasthma, diuretic,

hepatoprotective and antioxidant, protection against chronic diseases, anti-viral activity.

Stem,root erect woody tree ,erect shrubs
7. C. Assamica china, india, cambodia, bhutan, nepal,

thailand

lupeol, n-hexacosinc acid,

isolariciesinol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, dauco stenin,

3,3’-dimethyl ellagic acid, b sitosterol and bergenin

anti-snake venom
8. Cissus austroyunnanensis tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

9.  

Cissus cornifolia baker (planch)

Kufenia,

Zaria,Arica ,Zimbabwe

splanch and riigarbirri  

Saponin, flavonide,glycoside,alkaloid,

hydroquinone, resorcinol, vanillin and n – hexanoic

Anti- inflammatory, diabetes, gonorrhea, sedative malaria, septic tonsils, and pharyngitis, central nervous system depressants

and sedative

leaf and root semi-scandent woody shrub
10. Cissus discolor tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

“Sangharhmai” Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

treat stomach troubles and is also applied to

itching sores

leaves Creeping or climbing shrubs
11. C. Debilis Cameroon Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

antiproliferative

activity on human CaCo-2 cells

slender climber
12. Cissus elongata Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia Talbot Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids

skin and nerve diseases, gastrointestinal

abnormalities, infections, cardiac ailments, antipoisonous

tubers very large glabrous climber
13. C. Hamaderohensis Yemen, West Asia Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE),

neutral endopeptidase (NGP) and aminopeptidase N

(APN) ,anti-viral, anti ace, ngp and apn

14 Cissus hexangularis tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

15 C. Hypoglauca australia jungle grape, water vine, five leaf water vine Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

sore-throat
16. C. Ibuensis hook Nigeria (africa) Flavonoids, Kaempferol, Quercitin ,Stilbenes, triterpenoids and steroids rheumatism, arthritis, gastrointestinal disturbance Leaves, stem,fruit
17. Cissus incisa northern mexico  ivy treebine, marine ivy, or grape ivy fatty acyls, sphingolipids, sterols, glycerolipids, prenol lipids, and terpenes antimicrobialcytotoxic skin infections, abscesses and tumors
18. Cissuss icyoides Nigeria Cipopuca, Bejuco de porra, Bejucocaro,

Puci, and Aniltrepador

flavonoids, Linalool, and α-tocopherol, coumarin glycoside 5,6,7,8-

tetrahydroxycoumarin- 5β – xylopyranoside which

was obtained together with known

coumarinsabandin, two flavonoids kaempferol 3-

rhamnoside and quercetin 3- rhamnoside, and two

steroids, itosterol and 3β-O-β-dglucopyranosylsitosterol

anti-inflammatory Anti –Diabetic,
19. Cissus kerrii tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

20 Cissus javana tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

21. Vitis latifolia tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Panibel; Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

climbing shrubs
22 Cissus lageniflora Gilg Obio/Akpor Local

Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides
23 Cissus luzoniensis tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

24. C. Populnea nigeria (africa), Brazil and the Caribbean food gum, ager, okoho , Ager phenolic content increase proliferation of sertoli cells, antibacterial Leaves, stem and root, bark
25. Cissus petiolata(Cissus pallid) Obio/Akpor Local

Govern, Nallamalla forest of Kurnool district, Telangana, India ment Area of Rivers State, Nigeria

In tamil Nanaminukki,in Irula-Malangikodi. Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides, , flavonoids -Gallic acid and Quercetin, . anticancer activity, antioxidant action, protective effect on the haemopoietic system stem & roots Climbing shrub
26 Cissus polyantha Turunku, Igabi

Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Nigeria

carbohydrates,

flavonoids, saponins, tannins steroids and triterpenes.

conjunctivitis and

inflammation.

root
27 Cissus pteroclada tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

b-sitosterol, bergenin,

11-O-galloylbergenin, 11-O-(4-hydroxy benzoyl)

bergenin, gallic acid and daucosterol

The leaves of C. ibuensis contained Quercetin 3-O

and flavanoid

28. C. Quadrangularis sri lanka (asia) india, Nigeria veldt grape ,climbing cactus, cactus vine, Edible stemmed

Vine

alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins,

phytoestrogen steroids, cardio glycosides and

terpenoids. Flavanoids ,

 

carotenoids,

steroids, calcium ,flavonoids Beta-sitosterol

and luteolin8

 

 

, Triterpenoids, lead, iron, potassium, zinc, calcium, sodium,

cadmium, copper and magnesium, parthenocissus, resveratrol, piceatannol,

pallidol, alicyclic lipids, calcium, phosphorous and

phytoestrogenic steroids

fracture healing, increases bone strength,

protects bone from postmenopausal bone loss, Anti-ulcer activity Anxiolytic, antipyretic and antidiabetic properties Antibacterial activity Women health and osteoporosis Anti-inflammation Antioxidant

Stem,leaves,root a moderate grower. It flourishes in sun or light shade in a warm tropical climate
29. Cissus repens Southern

China, Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan

Stilbene C glucosides snake bites, rheumatic pain nephritis, long-term coughs, and diarrhea ,hepatoprotective roots and stems,leaf perennial climber
30. Cissus repanda Kuman to Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam, Bihar, Orissa,

Madhya Pradesh, and Western Ghats

“Panivel” hpatoprotective leaf large climber
31. C. Rotundifolia africa, south America,Endau hill, Kitui County, Kenya Arabian wax Cissus, Peruvian grape Ivy Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

Anti-parasitic ,diabetic Leaves,stem,root
32. C. Rubiginosa congo Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

anti dysentery, anti diarrhoea
33. Vitis rugosa India : Himalaya, from Garhwal eastwards and Khasia Hills, between 1200-2500 m. Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. Nepal and Myanmar Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

Climbing or scrambling shrubs
34 C. Sicyoides brazil (south america) princess vine, curtain ivy, millionaire vine Flavanoids, linalool and a-

Tocopherol, carotenoids and phenolic compounds (resveratrol, coumarins, and tannins)

anti-diabetic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anxiolyte, stroke, abscesses, arthritis  leaf
34 Cissus subtetragona  Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan,(Laos, Vietnam) China si leng ,bai fen teng Flavonoid- kaempferol, genistin, and apigenin) anti-inflammatory effects, gastritis, acute lung injury aerial parts- dried branch with leaves
36 Cissu sverticillata tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

terpenoids decrease blood sugar level
37. C. Triloba tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

38 Cissus trifoliata alcohols, alkanes, esters, fatty acids, terpenes and phenolic compounds e management of infectious diseases and tumors, stems
39. C. Verticillata trinidad and tobago (carribean) Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids quercetin

anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, antioxidant activity,  action to teeth and gums  Root, sole bark
40. Cissus vitiginea L. south India and Sri Lanka south indian treebine alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, coumarin, tannins, sugar, proteins cure wounds, diabetes, cardiovascular illness, cancers, particularly bone diseases and arthritis leaves and stem woody Climber
41. Cissus wenshanensis tropical

regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia

Sterols, Quinones, and

Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and

flavonoids

42. Cissus woodroii Girnool, ‘Woodrow’s grape tree’. Kolhapur, Mumbai, Nasik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri,

Satara, Sindhudurg,Thane,Andhra India.

phenolic, and flavonoid content antioxidant activities,nutraceutical, The roots were made into a powder and applied to cut wounds where puss had formed Fruit,leaves, roots Woody shrub

 

  1. PHYTOCHEMISTRY-( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)

The moisture, ash, and crude fiber content of C. woodrowii fruits were 13.71%, 23.88%, and 21.15 g/100 g DW, respectively. In C. woodrowii fruits, fat, protein, and carbohydrates contents were 2.71 g/100 g DW, 5.78 g/100 g DW, and 15.23 g/100 g DW, respectively.Based on this analysis, the oxidizable energy of the C. woodrowii fruits was 706.54 kJ/100 g DW or 168.86 kcal/100 g DW. Presence of sodium (37.23 mg/100 g DW), potassium (71.9 mg/ 100 g DW), calcium (78.29 mg/100 g DW), magnesium (118.77 mg/ 100 g DW), and phosphorus (30.45 mg/100 g DW) was recorded in C. woodrowii fruits .

Higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in the methanolic extract of C. woodrowii. LC-HRMS analysis has revealed 20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C. woodrowii . Profiling of phenolic compounds in methanolic leaves extracts of C. woodrowii by LCHR-MS on (a) positive like Rutin, Quercitrin, Cosmosiin, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin and (b) negative mode like Catechin, Rutin, Gallic acid, Diosmetin, Phloridzin, Ellagic acid, Rhoifolin, Cosmosiin, Epicatechin, Centaurein, Norstictic acid pentaacetate, Quercitrin, Naringenin-7-o-glucoside, Dihydroquercetin, Lomatin, Cosmosiin hexaacetate, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin, Embelin, Harderoporphyrin, Rhoifolin

5.PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)

 

Nutritional value-

Clinical trials have shown that the intake of macro-mineralsfrom fruit helps to reduce the chances of non-communicable diseases.

Antioxidant activity-

20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C.woodrowii which might play an important role in the

antioxidant activity.

6.TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL  USES/ETHANOBOTANICAL USES

From survey of local regeion of distribution of C.woodrowii in Kolhapur district found that the root ofplant is used for treatment of tumor in veterinary practice.

7.CONCLUSION-

C.woodrowii  has been claimed for a antioxidant activity,nutritional value and number of ethanobotanical uses or traditional medicinal uses. The phytoconstituents presented in this review could help researchers to explore the plant at next extent. Emphasis should be laid on the novel methods of propagation of this plant and further exploration in drug research. By considering majority of species in Cissus shows activity on bone fracture healings,dibetis,hepatoprotective,antibacterial activity, Anti-Ulcer Activity ,obesity, gastrointestinal tract(Gabriel Fernandes et al 2012) and the medicinal values and other uses of C.woodrowii so there is future scope for research on C.woodrowii. therefore  conservation of this plant is also recommended.

  1. ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS –

Authors are grateful to the Suresh Gyan Vihar Univrsity, Jaipur, India, Principal Dr.Shitalkumar S.Patil  providing support to their work..

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