A Review on study of underutilized plant Cissus Woodroii (Stapf ex Cooke) and genus Cissus.
Mrs. Pallavi Nemgonda Patil* 1, Dr. Santosh K.Sing2, Dr. Kiran A.Wadkar3
1, 2.Suresh Gyan Vihar University, Jaipur, Rajastan India.
- Appasaheb Birnale College of Pharmacy, Sangli, Maharashtra, India.
ABSTRACT-
Cissus woodroii grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune, Kolhapur, Pasarni ghat area Satara), Andhra India. It belongs to genus Cissus, family vitaceae. Cissus woodroii also serves as a good source of Maximum per cent yield (13.49%), total phenolic content (24.14 mg TAE/g dry weight), and total flavonoid content (18.45 mg QE/g dry weight) were recorded in the methanolic leaf extract. Proximate analysis of fruits showed a calorific value of 168.86 kcal/100 g dry weight (DW). These fruits were found to be rich in macro- (sodium, potassium, calcium, magnesium, and phosphorus) and micro- (iron, manganese, zinc, and copper) mineral elements and vitamins (carotenoids and ascorbic acid)( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.2022). Such plants are termed as “underutilized” as scientific evidence regarding their potential is lacking. Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus due to its shrub-like habit ( Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al 2020).cissus woodroii is also used for various treatments like Antioxidant activity, nutritional value of underutilized wild C. woodrowii fruits. This article throws light on various recent knowledge of scientific research in various aspects of this genus cissus (Gabriel Fernandes et al.,2012) and cissus woodroii and remarkable pharmacological activities such as antioxidant and antitumour.
Keywords: Antioxidant, nutraceuticals, flavonide, Cissus woodroii, Phytochemical and pharmacological study, Cissus,Vitaceae.
- INTRODUCTION (Shankara Rao K et al.,2019), ( SingN.P et al 2000)
The plant designed as medicinal is implied that it is useful as a drug or therapeutic agent or an active ingredient of a medicinal preparation.
Various medicinal plants have been applied for years in daily life to treat disease all over the world (Nair et al.2004).The low or no harmful effect of medicine derived from natural sources has received a great deal of attention in both developed and developing countries (Lawal D et al.2013). According to a World Health Organization (WHO) report, herbal plants are widely used to treat and manage dangerous ailments (by approximately 80% of the world’s population) (WHO 2019).Medicinal plants are important for pharmacological research and drug development because plant constituents are not only used directly as therapeutic agents, but also as starting materials for the synthesis of drugs or as models for pharmacologically active compounds. Herbal-derived remedies need a powerful and deep assessment of their pharmacological qualities and safety issues due to the large and growing use of natural-derived substances all over the world, which cannot rely only on the traditional knowledge. Plants are used medicinally in different countries and are a source of many potent and powerful drugs. On the other hand, there are several plants which possess various phytochemicals that can be beneficial to humans but are not explored yet. (Murthy HN et al.2020).
Vitaceae (the grape family) consist of 16 genera and ca. 950 species (Jun Wen et al 2018)and represented by the woody climbers with leaf opposed tendrils, some of them are shrubs and succulents too. Genus Cissus belongs to the family Vitaceae consists of about 350 species, among these a number of species used globally in traditional medicine to treat various ailments.( M. Manokariet al 2019) (Tasadduq R et al.2017; Dhanasekaran S et al.2020).
The present plant Cissus woodroii grows in hilly regions in Maharashtra (Pune,Kolhapur), on Buleshwar hill, near Yawat, Pune, Peddamandyam mandal, Chittoor district, in Andhra Pradesh. Andhra. It belongs to genus Cissus, Vitaceae family. It has erect shrubs with stems terete or obscurely angled, leaves large and more or less orbicular.The leaf-size is used to key out them (Lamina 20-30 × 20-25 cm and petioles 15-25 cm; these measurement may be of basal leaves while our herbarium specimens have distal leaves which are usually smaller characterize C. woodrowii.
It is shrub and wild variety. According to information collected in local area of Kolhapur it was observed that, it’s flowering season start’s in month of September and bears fruits from month of October and losses leaves from November to December. The baby leaves comes in month of May to June. It’s roots are used traditionally as a antitumor in animal treatment in Maharashtra. In Andhra Pradesh the paste of the stem is applied externally to relieve rheumatic pains.
To date, hundreds of plant species of Cissus have been explored for their phenolic
compounds and antioxidant activities, since it is associated with cardiovascular diseases, pulmonary diseases, liver diseases, chronic kidney diseases, neurodegenerative diseases, cancer, etc.( Coulibaly AY et al.2014; Liguori I et al.2018).
Cissus woodrowii (Stapf ex Cooke) Santapau is commonly known as ‘Woodrow’s grape tree’. (Shankara Rao K et al.2019). Taxonomically, it is a unique plant species of Cissus due to its shrub-like habit, while the remaining taxa of the Vitaceae are woody lianas.( Cooke T.1902)
Bioprospecting of Cissus woodrowii for its phytochemicals and bioactivities is unnoticed.
Sr.No. | Tribe | Genus | Species |
1 | Ampelopsideae | Ampelopsis Michx.
Nekemias Raf. Clematicissus Planch. Rhoicissus Planch. |
18
9 6 14 |
2 | Cisseae | Cissus L. | 300 |
3 | Cayratieae | Cayratia Juss.
Causonis Raf. Acareosperma Gagnep. “Afrocayratia” Cyphostemma (Planch.) Alston Pseudocayratia J.Wen, L.M.Lu & Z.D. Chen Tetrastigma (Miq.) Planch. |
25
30 1 7 200 5 100 |
4 | Parthenocisseae | Parthenocissus Planch.
Yua C.L.Li |
14
2 |
5 | Viteae | Vitis L.
Ampelocissus Planch. (including Nothocissus and Pterisanthes) |
75
115 |
Table 1 –Phylogenetic Tribal Classification of Vitaceae with Tribes and genera. (Jun Wen et al 2018)
Table 2 –Cissus genus Classification of Vitaceae family.
( https://observation.org/taxa/10104/?genus=Cissus)
Synonym
Cissus woodroii, Vitis woodroii (Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue
Common names
Woodrow’s grape tree, Girnool
Taxonomy of Cissus woodroii L. (flora of Bombay Presedency) (India Biodiversity portal)
Kindom-Plantae
Phylum-Tracheophyta
Class : Magnoiliopsida
Order : Vitales
Family : Vitaceae
Genus : Cissus
Species : woodroii
- BOTANICAL DESCRIPTION OF CISSUS WOODROII-(Cooke. T 1902,Tetali, et al. 2000) (Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020),( Sharma BDet al 1984,1988)
It is an erect shrub 5 -6 ft. high ;trunk 3—4 in. thick at the base ; bark rough, grey ; lower branches2—3 ft. long, annual , ecirrhose , slightly tomentose at t he apex. Leaves up to 9 in. long and broad, pale green, cordate-ovate or cordate -rotund( with a broad sinus), usually shortly (rarely obscurely) 3 —lobed, acute or acuminate,re pand-cre nat e (t he cre nature s re curve d) ,at first sparingly tomentose , at length glabrate ,rather firm, palmi—nerved ; petiole s nearlye quallingt he blade,more or less tomentose when young ; stipules triangular-ovate , reddish,caducous. Flow e rs tetrame rous,in compoundumbe ls ; peduncle s 1 in. or afterwards 2 in. long ; primary rays usually 4 about —5 in. long at time of flowering, afterwards up t o 1 ; in.“long ;pedice ls at time of flow e ring 71ih . , afterwards in. long, thick, straight. Calyx sauce r-shaped : limb membranous, truncate or very obscurely lobed. Petal s 4 calyptrately deciduous, hooded and thickened at t he apex. Disk 4-lobed. Style the root contains starch-granule s in abnudance , of variable form,also raphides.
Which are pointed at one end and 2—3-furcate at the other Large shrubs or small trees, 1.5-3.0m high, bark rough, grey.Leaves, large, 8-20 cm as long as broad, ovate, sometimes obscurely3-lobed, apex acute, acuminate, base cordate, margins crenate-repand. Flowers green, apex tinged red, 0.3 –0.5 cm across, in compound umbels; calyx saucer shaped; petals deciduous. Berries 0.7 –1.0 cm across, subglobose, reddish when ripe.
Fig. 1. Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) (Stapf ex Cook) Santapaue plant growing under natural conditions.
Fig. 2. Cissus woodroii( Vitis woodroii) (Stapf ex Cook)-1,Habit, 2.Flower, 3.Fruit, 4.&.5Inflorescence,6.Leaf-Dorsal view.
- STUDY OF SOME SPECIES FROM GENUS CISSUS-
(Bhanumathi Natarajan et al.,2000),( Chidambara Murthy KN et al,.2003), ( Rein Hui,2007), ,( AA Ahmadu et al 2010), (Anna Trias-Blasi et al.,2010),(Gabriel Fernandes et al., 2012),(Kashikar ND et al,. 2012),(Atiku, I et al 2013),( Sani, Y.M.1 etal.,2014),( Jacek Drobnik et al., 2015), ( Ganapathymuru Ganalagu Lakshmanan et al., 2016,( Hari Sasidharan et al., 2016),( Ganalagu Lakshmanan et al.,2016),( Poornima R et al., 2016),( Sujata Tetali et al., 2016), ( Alina K Sebastian et al 2017),( Harisha C. R et al.,2017),( Md. Nazim Uddin Chy et al., 2017), ( Selvi P et al 2017),( Sudha Parimala et al., 2017), ( Chukwuebuka et al., 2018), (Marielba de los et al., 2019), ( M. Manokari et al 2019) ,( Mosaib MG et al., 2020),( Ozimede et al 2020) ( Jayanthi Chenniappan et al,. 2020),( María del Rayo Camacho-Corona et al., 2020),( Arti Singh et al,.2021), (LailyRahamawatiet al.,2021),( India Biodiversity portal),( Rajesh kumar S et al., 2021).
Sr.no | Name of species | Location | Common name | Chemical constituent | Pharmacological activity | Part used | Habitat |
1. | Cissus adnata | Bhatiary, Chittagong-Bangladesh | Bhatia lot,down –rang in Assamees ,pani-lara in Nepali | alkaloids, carbohydrates, flavonoids, phenols, tannins, saponins, proteins, amino acid, glycosides, and terpenoids | antibacterial, pesticidal, antiviral, antitumor, anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive agents | leaves | Climber |
2. | Cissus aralioides | Cameroon ,Obio/Akpor Local
Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria |
kindamina | alkaloid, saponin,
tannin, flavonoid, steroid, terpenoid, cardiac glycoside, proteins and reducing sugar |
anti-microbial and toxicological agent
against microorganisms of the gastrointestinal and urogenital ,tracts, arthritis, edema, treatment for fever and malaria |
Leaf, roots | climber |
3. | Cissus araneosa | India : Evergreen forests of western Ghats, up to 1500 m. Maharashtra, Karnataka and Tamil Nadu. | Hindi: Kamraj; Mar.: Bendri, Bendervel, Ghorvel; Tarn.: Kattuthiratcha | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
Slender, far climbing shrub | ||
4. | Cissus amplexicaulis | Thailand | Slender climber | ||||
5. | Cissus aristata | hilly
regions of Mangad, Thrissur Kerala, India |
alkaloids, tannins
(condensed), flavanoids, phytosterols, triterpenoid, lactones, volatile oil and saponin. |
antibacterial activity on Klebsiella pneumoniae and
Staphylococcus aureus. |
dried root and stem | Scandent shrub | |
6. | Cissus arnottiana | Periyar Palkalai Nagar,
Salem ,Tamil Nadu, India |
“Nanaminukki” in Tamil and “Nelagummadi” in Telugu | (Eugenol, Phenol, 4-(ethoxymethyl)-2-
methoxy, 3, 5-Cyclohexadiene-1, 2-dione, 3, 5-bis (1, 1-dimethylethyl), Diisooctyl phthalate) |
antimicrobial, anti-inflammatory,
antiarthritic, antiasthma, diuretic, hepatoprotective and antioxidant, protection against chronic diseases, anti-viral activity. |
Stem,root | erect woody tree ,erect shrubs |
7. | C. Assamica | china, india, cambodia, bhutan, nepal,
thailand |
lupeol, n-hexacosinc acid,
isolariciesinol-9-O-beta-D-glucopyranoside, dauco stenin, 3,3’-dimethyl ellagic acid, b sitosterol and bergenin |
anti-snake venom | |||
8. | Cissus austroyunnanensis | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
||||
9. |
Cissus cornifolia baker (planch) |
Kufenia,
Zaria,Arica ,Zimbabwe |
splanch and riigarbirri |
Saponin, flavonide,glycoside,alkaloid, hydroquinone, resorcinol, vanillin and n – hexanoic |
Anti- inflammatory, diabetes, gonorrhea, sedative malaria, septic tonsils, and pharyngitis, central nervous system depressants
and sedative |
leaf and root | semi-scandent woody shrub |
10. | Cissus discolor | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
“Sangharhmai” | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
treat stomach troubles and is also applied to
itching sores |
leaves | Creeping or climbing shrubs |
11. | C. Debilis | Cameroon | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
antiproliferative
activity on human CaCo-2 cells |
slender climber | ||
12. | Cissus elongata | Goa, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu and Kerala in India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia | Talbot | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and Flavonoids, Tannins, Terpenoids |
skin and nerve diseases, gastrointestinal
abnormalities, infections, cardiac ailments, antipoisonous |
tubers | very large glabrous climber |
13. | C. Hamaderohensis | Yemen, West Asia | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
inhibit angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE),
neutral endopeptidase (NGP) and aminopeptidase N (APN) ,anti-viral, anti ace, ngp and apn |
|||
14 | Cissus hexangularis | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
||||
15 | C. Hypoglauca | australia | jungle grape, water vine, five leaf water vine | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
sore-throat | ||
16. | C. Ibuensis hook | Nigeria (africa) | Flavonoids, Kaempferol, Quercitin ,Stilbenes, triterpenoids and steroids | rheumatism, arthritis, gastrointestinal disturbance | Leaves, stem,fruit | ||
17. | Cissus incisa | northern mexico | ivy treebine, marine ivy, or grape ivy | fatty acyls, sphingolipids, sterols, glycerolipids, prenol lipids, and terpenes | antimicrobial, cytotoxic skin infections, abscesses and tumors | ||
18. | Cissuss icyoides | Nigeria | Cipopuca, Bejuco de porra, Bejucocaro,
Puci, and Aniltrepador |
flavonoids, Linalool, and α-tocopherol, coumarin glycoside 5,6,7,8-
tetrahydroxycoumarin- 5β – xylopyranoside which was obtained together with known coumarinsabandin, two flavonoids kaempferol 3- rhamnoside and quercetin 3- rhamnoside, and two steroids, itosterol and 3β-O-β-dglucopyranosylsitosterol |
anti-inflammatory Anti –Diabetic, | ||
19. | Cissus kerrii | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
||||
20 | Cissus javana | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
||||
21. | Vitis latifolia | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Panibel; | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
climbing shrubs | ||
22 | Cissus lageniflora Gilg | Obio/Akpor Local
Government Area of Rivers State, Nigeria |
Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides | ||||
23 | Cissus luzoniensis | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
||||
24. | C. Populnea | nigeria (africa), Brazil and the Caribbean | food gum, ager, okoho , Ager | phenolic content | increase proliferation of sertoli cells, antibacterial | Leaves, stem and root, bark | |
25. | Cissus petiolata(Cissus pallid) | Obio/Akpor Local
Govern, Nallamalla forest of Kurnool district, Telangana, India ment Area of Rivers State, Nigeria |
In tamil Nanaminukki,in Irula-Malangikodi. | Phenols, Alkaloids, Aglycone Glycosides, Cardiac Glycosides, Steroidal Aglycone Glycosides, , flavonoids -Gallic acid and Quercetin, . | anticancer activity, antioxidant action, protective effect on the haemopoietic system | stem & roots | Climbing shrub |
26 | Cissus polyantha | Turunku, Igabi
Local Government Area of Kaduna State. Nigeria |
carbohydrates,
flavonoids, saponins, tannins steroids and triterpenes. |
conjunctivitis and
inflammation. |
root | ||
27 | Cissus pteroclada | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
b-sitosterol, bergenin,
11-O-galloylbergenin, 11-O-(4-hydroxy benzoyl) bergenin, gallic acid and daucosterol The leaves of C. ibuensis contained Quercetin 3-O and flavanoid |
||||
28. | C. Quadrangularis | sri lanka (asia) india, Nigeria | veldt grape ,climbing cactus, cactus vine, Edible stemmed
Vine |
alkaloids, steroids, tannins, saponins,
phytoestrogen steroids, cardio glycosides and terpenoids. Flavanoids ,
carotenoids, steroids, calcium ,flavonoids Beta-sitosterol and luteolin8
, Triterpenoids, lead, iron, potassium, zinc, calcium, sodium, cadmium, copper and magnesium, parthenocissus, resveratrol, piceatannol, pallidol, alicyclic lipids, calcium, phosphorous and phytoestrogenic steroids |
fracture healing, increases bone strength,
protects bone from postmenopausal bone loss, Anti-ulcer activity Anxiolytic, antipyretic and antidiabetic properties Antibacterial activity Women health and osteoporosis Anti-inflammation Antioxidant |
Stem,leaves,root | a moderate grower. It flourishes in sun or light shade in a warm tropical climate |
29. | Cissus repens | Southern
China, Philippines, Malaysia, and Taiwan |
Stilbene C glucosides | snake bites, rheumatic pain nephritis, long-term coughs, and diarrhea ,hepatoprotective | roots and stems,leaf | perennial climber | |
30. | Cissus repanda | Kuman to Arunachal Pradesh, Tripura, Assam, Bihar, Orissa,
Madhya Pradesh, and Western Ghats |
“Panivel” | hpatoprotective | leaf | large climber | |
31. | C. Rotundifolia | africa, south America,Endau hill, Kitui County, Kenya | Arabian wax Cissus, Peruvian grape Ivy | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
Anti-parasitic ,diabetic | Leaves,stem,root | |
32. | C. Rubiginosa | congo | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
anti dysentery, anti diarrhoea | |||
33. | Vitis rugosa | India : Himalaya, from Garhwal eastwards and Khasia Hills, between 1200-2500 m. Uttar Pradesh, Sikkim, Arunachal Pradesh and Meghalaya. Nepal and Myanmar | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
Climbing or scrambling shrubs | |||
34 | C. Sicyoides | brazil (south america) | princess vine, curtain ivy, millionaire vine | Flavanoids, linalool and a-
Tocopherol, carotenoids and phenolic compounds (resveratrol, coumarins, and tannins) |
anti-diabetic, diuretic, anti-inflammatory, anticonvulsant, anxiolyte, stroke, abscesses, arthritis | leaf | |
34 | Cissus subtetragona | Guangdong, Guangxi, Hainan, Yunnan,(Laos, Vietnam) China | si leng ,bai fen teng | Flavonoid- kaempferol, genistin, and apigenin) | anti-inflammatory effects, gastritis, acute lung injury | aerial parts- dried branch with leaves | |
36 | Cissu sverticillata | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
terpenoids | decrease blood sugar level | |||
37. | C. Triloba | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
||||
38 | Cissus trifoliata | alcohols, alkanes, esters, fatty acids, terpenes and phenolic compounds | e management of infectious diseases and tumors, | stems | |||
39. | C. Verticillata | trinidad and tobago (carribean) | Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids quercetin |
anti-cholesterol, anti-diabetic, antioxidant activity, action to teeth and gums | Root, sole bark | ||
40. | Cissus vitiginea L. | south India and Sri Lanka | south indian treebine | alkaloids, flavonoids, triterpenoids, steroids, glycosides, coumarin, tannins, sugar, proteins | cure wounds, diabetes, cardiovascular illness, cancers, particularly bone diseases and arthritis | leaves and stem | woody Climber |
41. | Cissus wenshanensis | tropical
regions of India, Srilanka, Africa, Arabia, and South Asia |
Sterols, Quinones, and
Phenolic compounds, Anthocyanins, Saponins and flavonoids |
||||
42. | Cissus woodroii | Girnool, ‘Woodrow’s grape tree’. | Kolhapur, Mumbai, Nasik, Pune, Raigad, Ratnagiri,
Satara, Sindhudurg,Thane,Andhra India. |
phenolic, and flavonoid content | antioxidant activities,nutraceutical, The roots were made into a powder and applied to cut wounds where puss had formed | Fruit,leaves, roots | Woody shrub |
- PHYTOCHEMISTRY-( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)
The moisture, ash, and crude fiber content of C. woodrowii fruits were 13.71%, 23.88%, and 21.15 g/100 g DW, respectively. In C. woodrowii fruits, fat, protein, and carbohydrates contents were 2.71 g/100 g DW, 5.78 g/100 g DW, and 15.23 g/100 g DW, respectively.Based on this analysis, the oxidizable energy of the C. woodrowii fruits was 706.54 kJ/100 g DW or 168.86 kcal/100 g DW. Presence of sodium (37.23 mg/100 g DW), potassium (71.9 mg/ 100 g DW), calcium (78.29 mg/100 g DW), magnesium (118.77 mg/ 100 g DW), and phosphorus (30.45 mg/100 g DW) was recorded in C. woodrowii fruits .
Higher phenolic and flavonoid contents in the methanolic extract of C. woodrowii. LC-HRMS analysis has revealed 20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C. woodrowii . Profiling of phenolic compounds in methanolic leaves extracts of C. woodrowii by LCHR-MS on (a) positive like Rutin, Quercitrin, Cosmosiin, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin and (b) negative mode like Catechin, Rutin, Gallic acid, Diosmetin, Phloridzin, Ellagic acid, Rhoifolin, Cosmosiin, Epicatechin, Centaurein, Norstictic acid pentaacetate, Quercitrin, Naringenin-7-o-glucoside, Dihydroquercetin, Lomatin, Cosmosiin hexaacetate, Dihydrorobinetin, Hesperetin, Embelin, Harderoporphyrin, Rhoifolin
5.PHARMACOLOGICAL ACTIVITIES–( Rupali M. Kolap et.al.,2022, Rupali Mukesh Kolap et al .,2020)
Nutritional value-
Clinical trials have shown that the intake of macro-mineralsfrom fruit helps to reduce the chances of non-communicable diseases.
Antioxidant activity-
20 phenolic compounds in the leaves of C.woodrowii which might play an important role in the
antioxidant activity.
6.TRADITIONAL MEDICINAL USES/ETHANOBOTANICAL USES–
From survey of local regeion of distribution of C.woodrowii in Kolhapur district found that the root ofplant is used for treatment of tumor in veterinary practice.
7.CONCLUSION-
C.woodrowii has been claimed for a antioxidant activity,nutritional value and number of ethanobotanical uses or traditional medicinal uses. The phytoconstituents presented in this review could help researchers to explore the plant at next extent. Emphasis should be laid on the novel methods of propagation of this plant and further exploration in drug research. By considering majority of species in Cissus shows activity on bone fracture healings,dibetis,hepatoprotective,antibacterial activity, Anti-Ulcer Activity ,obesity, gastrointestinal tract(Gabriel Fernandes et al 2012) and the medicinal values and other uses of C.woodrowii so there is future scope for research on C.woodrowii. therefore conservation of this plant is also recommended.
- ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS –
Authors are grateful to the Suresh Gyan Vihar Univrsity, Jaipur, India, Principal Dr.Shitalkumar S.Patil providing support to their work..
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